DDR2 RAM, which stands for "Double Data. On the one hand, it’s capable of juiced, 1866Mhz clock speeds – an incredibly impressive DDR3 feat. ✔Fast Shipping ✔CODBy 2007, DDR2 memory was available at speeds of up to 1,066MHz, and DDR3 came on the market at 1,066MHz and faster. 16GB(4X4GB) Hynix DDR2 Ram spots 800MHz PC2-6400U DIMM 240-pin. CORSAIR Vengeance RGB 32GB (2 x 16GB) 288-Pin PC RAM DDR5 6000 (PC5 48000) Desktop Memory Model CMH32GX5M2B6000C40. With 32-bit and 64-bit options, Porteus is one of the best Linux distros for aging PC hardware. $ 29. You must remember that the CAS latency plays a large part in the formula, and is extremely important in gaming. 3. Most computers today don't even have floppy drives. Even high-speed data converters have adopted this technique. If two or more DIMMs of different speeds are installed, the total speed of all installed memory is as fast as the DIMM with the lowest speed. DDR2. In a world where you rarely find DDR2 memory rated at even DDR2-1067, Corsair Dominator DDR2-1250 is a very fast speed rating. Great article (actually, a great series of articles pertaining to memory). Add to Safari. They would have had bad timings, and I think you had to have active cooling on them because they needed 2. #4. 90. 100-pin, used for printer SDRAM and printer ROM (e. The best RAM for gaming gets more affordable at this time of year. Lowest Speed: 800 Million Transfers Per Second (MT/s) Latency: 12. Capable of booting up in just 15 seconds, Porteus takes up just 300MB of storage space. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like You want to build a new system that supports 6 GB of memory. Bandwidth is increased by 5-15% Explanation Dual-channel systems increase the memory bandwidth by only 5-15%, although it does have a 100% theoretical increase. 75 milliseconds. 00. Required voltages were also similar at. Below memory compatibility will be DDR3 unless stated otherwise. 02 0904It is the Fastest operating system for PC you can install to supercharge your computer. Kingston FURY Beast RGB 32GB (2 x 16GB) 288-Pin PC RAM DDR5 6000 (PC5 48000) Memory (Desktop Memory) Model KF560C36BBEAK2-32. Better Speed Compared to DDR1, DDR2 offers a higher speed and overall better performance. It's nice and fast, but this new motherboard which I recently bought (ga-ep45-ud3p) can handle DDR2 up to speeds of 1366+. What is the fastest and best performing non buffered DDR2 ram on the market right now? Last edited by LockBot on Wed Dec 07, 2022 9:01 am, edited 1 time in total. Free Shipping. 6% coupon applied at checkout Save 6% with coupon. Aug 27, 2010. Free gift included. DDR4 DIMM D. Best prices for computer parts for your laptop, PC or Mac - fast shipping from Canada. $ 19. 99 at Best Buy. A well-rounded RAM choice for work or gaming. The better memory test programs (above) use bootable discs like. 5. Calculate any of the variables in the formula below given the other variables are known. In this type of RAM, data is stored using the state of a six transistor memory cell. Add to cart . Open Windows Task Manager and take note of the free RAM available. RAM. While it is thicker than most past DDR2 memory, the dual-path heat exchanger still fits fine in standard DDR2. Free delivery and returns on eBay Plus items for Plus members. 3 out of 5 stars 63. PC100 is available in 168-pin DIMM and 144-pin SO-DIMM form factors. DDR2 RAM uses 1. Get fast shipping and top-rated customer service. DDR2 RAM can transfer data at speeds ranging from 400 to 1,066 MT/s, while DDR3 RAM can transfer data at speeds ranging from 800-2,133 MT/s. MOS memory, based on MOS transistors, was developed in the late 1960s, and was the basis for all early commercial semiconductor memory. g. A well-rounded RAM choice for work or gaming. DDR3 DIMM. $5. What is the SDR backed by?So, we laid out criteria to choose the best ddr2 ram. NEMIX RAM StoreVisit Store. Graphing RAM speeds. Head over to Settings > System > About, and select the Advanced system settings. Lubuntu. SATA C. Any suggestions?By Rammer Himel June 15, 2023. On online shopping websites, you can find and buy this important computer component sold by Kingston, Samsung, Corsair, Transcend, and. 5% coupon applied at checkout Save 5% Details. 00. We'll help you find the right memory for your system. Reason: Topic automatically closed 30 days after creation. Kingston Desktop PC Memory RAM Module PC3 PC2 DDR3 DDR2 2GB 4GB 240 Pin For Intel AMD 1600Mhz 1333Mhz 800Mhz 667Mhz Original chipset. The JEDEC standard expects DDR technology to scale up to 8 GHz by 2024. Because Porteus is Portable and modular, it can be used on a variety of. From tomshardware article. Skill RipJaws S5. For example, your MoBo and CPU can only handle a DDR-2 PC4200 (533 Mhz), but you go and buy DDR-3 PC5300 (677MHz). None of the value RAM tested could reach DDR2-1067, but DDR2-800 at good timings is plenty fast for the majority of users. Laptop Memory 2GB 667MHz PC2-5300 PC2-5400 DDR2 SDRAM SODIMM RAM Stick for Mac, Intel, & AMD Systems, blue. List: $25. 3GB/s. The Intel BOXDH77KC LGA 1155 is the best ddr3 motherboard that features original and prompt features. or DDR4? Each generation of RAM improves on the previous one, bringing faster speeds and more bandwidth to the table. DDR3 and DDR3L are socket compatible, however, It is NOT compatible with computers using 4th Generation Intel (Haswell) processors, which exclusively support 1. The difference between SDRAM and DDR RAM is that instead of doubling the clock rate it transfers data twice per clock cycle which effectively doubles the data rate. It was originally equipped with 32 bit Vista that has long gone the way of the Dodo. A-Tech 2GB DDR2 667MHz DIMM PC2-5300 UDIMM Non-ECC 1. Currently, the computer cannot keep all the necessary applications. Shop our massive range of Memory (RAM) from top brands including ADATA, Antec, Corsair, Crucial, G. DDR2 PC2-8000 (commonly referred to as DDR2-1000) memory is DDR2 providing a 1,000MT/s data. Free Shipping. Bus clock rate. Dec 4, 2014. Well maybe I don’t understand. MSI RX1900XTXVT2D512EGPU : ATI X1900XTX (650 MHz) RAM : 512 MB GDDR3 (1550 MHz) Hard Drive I (read. The fastest DDR2 RAM is PC2-8500 with a transfer rate of 8533. com for ram ddr2. Dual-channel support is mainly a function of the motherboard (e. ) DDR5 SDRAM. A-Tech 4GB (2x2GB) DDR2 800MHz UDIMM PC2-6400 CL6 1. But those would be the "fastest" DDR2 ram sticks. Dont waste your time overclocking the ram, performance gains are minimal. Free shipping. Which memory rating. Assuming the same operating frequency, what are the advantages of DDR3 over DDR2? (select two) 1. HP S1 16GB Single DDR4 RAM 2666MHz CL19 SODIMM Memoria for Laptop PC - 7EH99AA#ABC. 5-3. This page is powered by a knowledgeable community that helps you make an informed decision. D. . That's what a discussion board is for. The Corsair Dominator Platinum is some of the best DDR5 RAM you can buy. #3. RAM speed, RAM is the faster of the two, but it is also more expensive. 5 milliseconds. They would have had bad timings, and I think you had to have active cooling on them because they needed 2. Save 17%. Best for boosting your laptop's performance and capacity. Get the best deals on Computer DDR2 SDRAM and find everything you'll need to improve your home office setup at eBay. DDR2 SO-DIMMs are not compatible with DDR1 DIMM and DDR2 DIMM memory modules. Our RAM benchmark hierarchy will help you find the fastest DDR5 and DDR4 memory. ৳ 999-70% (1)To determine the fastest supported processor for socket 775 motherboard you'll need to:. The best way to think of DDR3 and DDR4 is like different versions of Windows, instead of competing products. G. This is an improvement over DDR2. Now, switch to the Advanced tab and select Change under the Virtual memory section. However, you’ll be able to maximize the performance of a given CPU by using the fastest RAM that it and its motherboard is. 8 GB/s 1866 14. You need RAM to buffer the block between the CPU and the mass storage device. Corsair Vengeance Pro Series 16GB (2x8GB) DDR3. At 2,133MHz, the DDR4 kit is slightly higher than DDR3-2133, but as the memory clock speed increases, the overall latency decreases, even if the timings are looser. The 64-bit Memory Bit and 532 MHz Effective Memory Clock provides a memory bandwidth of 4. You can buy 8 GB RAM DDR4 or DDR3 RAM of 8 GB capacity online and get it delivered to your home. (2x1GB) 2Rx8 PC2-5300S DDR2-667MHz Ram Memory HYMP512S64CP8-Y5-AB GOOD. Consider the memory modules shown in the image below. Reason: Topic automatically closed 30 days after creation. DDR3-1600 has the fastest memory rating. DDR4-3600 is pretty much the sweet spot for a last-gen gaming PC, and the mixture of low latency, good looks, and solid price point makes the Team Group memory kit an base for any system and a. Flaming is flaming, so let's just cool down and discuss the issue civilly. None of the operating systems you listed will run well with only 2GB of RAM. Shop with Afterpay on eligible items. DDR4. A slot for DDR3 memory is keyed differently than DDR2 or DDR. Upgrading your RAM speed from 1300MHz to 3600MHz will. What is more interesting is that at an even lower 1. Best RAM. This matched pair has a max speed of 6000MHz and a capacity of 32GB. The PerformanceTest memory test works will different types of PC RAM, including SDRAM, EDO, RDRAM, DDR, DDR2, DDR3 & DDR4 at all bus speeds. CORSAIR Vengeance RGB 32GB (2 x 16GB) 288-Pin PC RAM DDR5 6000 (PC5 48000) Desktop Memory Model CMH32GX5M2B6000C40. 0 (5 reviews) Which of the following statements is true regarding single- and double- sided memory? Click the card to flip 👆. There is the old type SDRAM ( Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory ), DDR SDRAM ( Double Data Rate SDRAM ), DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, and DDR4 SDRAM is now available. Only 18 left in stock - order soon. Also, Kingston DDR2-1200. Random Access Memory (RAM) is where data the CPU is working with is temporarily stored. Wafer Level Memory Solutions; Flash. At DDR2-800, 3-3-3 are the fastest timings ever tested at. Correction: Don't allow the fsb to run at 1066. A. 4. CAS Latency (CL) Enter the data rate (MHz) and the CAS latency (CL) into the calculator to determine the ram latency in nanoseconds. Not cheap, but cheaper than overhauling the whole. 11 0 18,510 Feb 2, 2009 #1 Can a memory expert explain this to me? In a recent Tom's Hardware memory article, 4GB Gets Cheap: 9 Dual-Channel Kits, Thomas Soderstrom reviews 9 memory kits at. The core speed of the DDR2 RAM chips is faster. The best RAM for gaming gets more affordable at this time of year. This refers to the number of operations the RAM can complete every second; 1MT/s is one million transfers per second. Graphics support. DDR at 200 MHz). Free Shipping. 8V DIMM Non-ECC Unbuffered Desktop RAM Memory. DDR-2 SDRAM supplants DDR-1 SDRAM determinations. shmu26 Level 85. OWC 4. DDR3 RAM is out of print, but many still use it, while DDR4 is already established in the market since its launch in 2014 and is currently used. Check on Amazon. What is the fastest and best performing non buffered DDR2 ram on the market right now? Last edited by LockBot on Wed Dec 07, 2022 9:01 am, edited 1 time in total. Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (DDR) Accepts 2 data sets (words) per clock cycle. Our RAM benchmark hierarchy will help you find the fastest DDR5 and DDR4 memory. Price in BD. Operating Voltage: 1. Shop Quality of Travel Bags Products Online in Dhaka, Chattogram, Khulna and around the Country. Unfortunately we could not even come close to this memory speed on the ASUS P5W-DH. FPM-(Fast page mode RAM)-1990: EDO RAM (Extended data out random access memory) 1994: SDRAM (Single dynamic RAM) 1996: RDRAM (Rambus RAM) 1998: DDR (Double Data Rate) 2000: DDR2: 2003: DDR3: 2007: DDR4: 2012: Types of RAM Types of RAM. There's a reason ram is more expensive The closest you can get would be an NVME RAID configuration with 4 or more drives but expansion cards that allow that are quite expensive and you'd probably end up in a similar price range as just getting 128GB of ram (though of course you'd end up with. NEMIX RAM 2GB DDR2-800 PC2-6400 Replacement for DELL SNPYG410C/2G A6993648. . Skill Trident Z Neo 32GB DDR4 – Best Gaming RAM for you. DDR RAM is single-channel and DDR2 RAM is dual-channel. $16. DDR2-800 wasn't the fastest DDR2 ram. You are preparing to add memory modules to a user's computer. If the memory modules are not installed in matched pairs,. NEMIX RAM StoreVisit Store. Fast & Free shipping on many items!. Mar 3, 2019. 1. Additionally, the GA-EP45-UD3L incorporates GIGABYTE DES Advanced technology for industry leading energy saving. 273. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. korien ram any ddr2 2 desktop ram. Best Kingston DDR5. $11. 3GB/s, while DDR3-1600 reaches 25. The thing that probably makes the most sense is to. Skill Trident Z Neo is a great choice for AMD Ryzen gaming PCs. In asynchronous DRAM, the interval is specified in nanoseconds (absolute time). Rs. Correct Answer: DDR3-1600 DDR2-667 PC-133 PC-2700 PC-3200 EXPLANATION DDR3-1600 has the fastest memory rating. Best Corsair RAM. For best performance, fill both memory slots, installing an equal memory module in each slot. As such, if you have an older motherboard that uses DDR3 RAM, you cannot install DDR4. AU $24. You must remember that the CAS latency plays a large part in the formula, and is extremely important in gaming. This. Over 8,300 RAM models benchmarked. As much as we do enjoy OCZ memory products, you have to question the need for these DDR2 PC2-6400 ATI CrossFire certified modules. I want the best ddr2 out there atm. Compare. SKU: 6562314. RAM II. 8. If your motherboard supports it, I highly recommend upgrading to at at least 4GB, as your computer will run a lot better. 98 $ 16. 99. OLOy Owl. (8) Black Friday Deal. 50V; Buffered/Registered: Unbuffered; Model #: hynix-4gb-ud-800 X4;Avarum RAM equal to 32GB (4 x 8GB) 204-Pin DDR3 SO-DIMM DDR3L 1866 (PC3L 14900) Laptop Memory Model CT102464BF186D 32GB (4 x 8GB) 13. 2GB DDR2 Memory Upgrade Asus P5GC-MX/1333 Motherboard Non-ECC PC2-5300U. 1. More results. FREE delivery Thu, Nov 30 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. The Corsair Vengeance Pro Series is our top pick for the best DDR3 RAM. 01 postage. DDR2 PC2-5300 (commonly referred to as DDR2-667) memory is DDR2 designed for use in systems with a 333MHz front-side bus (providing a 667MT/s data transfer rate). In synchronous DRAM, the interval is specified in clock cycles. 99 (11 Offers) Free Shipping. DDR6 RAM for general-purpose computing aims to go up to. The big question is a simple one: what memory speed do you really need?1 G. 25 times higher than today’s fastest DDR4 memory modules that offer a maximum of 5,000 Mbps. So true. Direct from A-Tech. When you have mixed modules the speed defaults to the slowest stick, making it useless to overclock. DDR4 DIMM. 1. Shop 4 GB DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 RAM for Laptop, Desktop made by hp,transcend & more. Key features. Kingston Technology HyperX Impact 16GB Memory RAM. It hits up to 5,600MHz ultra-high frequency with XMP. The DDR3 uses about 30% less power and is two-times faster than its predecessor, the DDR2. Which of the following will be the MOST important consideration when. Get the best deals on 4GB Computer DDR2 SDRAM. DDR3 RAM (Double Data Rate 3 Random Access Memory) is a type of computer memory that is used for temporary data storage and retrieval. D. Drag the label on the left and drop it on the letter on the right that best identifies the associated memory module form. Buy 2GB RAM Online at the Lowest Price in India at Flipkart. Pick parts. power compared to DDR2 memory. The amount depends on the system configuration. $34. 4. Sounds crazy saying that an Athlon 64 is a limiter for Windows 98 I'm sure, but the GPU and RAM have a lot more to give based on other platforms I've used them with. Also, EPP ram doesn't exactly overclock the best compared to other sticks. I get 8871 with my DDR2 1000mhz at 4-4-4-10. Newer variants of SDRAM are DDR (or DDR1), DDR2 and DDR3. For. It runs at higher clock speeds than DDR (553 MHz vs. ৳ 16,500. Our RAM benchmark hierarchy includes DDR5 and DDR4 memory kits that we've tested on modern AMD and Intel platforms. Shop 2 GB DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 RAM for Laptop, Desktop made by Samsung, Corsair Brands. Our RAM benchmark hierarchy includes DDR5 and DDR4 memory kits that we've tested on modern AMD and Intel platforms. Check on Amazon. 8V 200pin Memory RAM for Laptop Notebook Computer. This feature is known as virtual memory, or the page file. Summary. Say hello to DDR3. SimmTester. Drag the memory modules shown in the image below Drag the label on the left and drop it on the letter on the right that best identifies the associated memory module form. Memory Performance Test Configuration: Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo X6800 (x2, 2. Example: because the latency in nanoseconds for DDR4-2400 CL17 and DDR4-2666 CL19 is roughly the same, the higher speed DDR4-2666 RAM will provide. Despite the fact that memory is varying from 3-2-2-6 timings at DDR2-400 all the way to 5-5-5-18 timings at DDR2-1067 all three games continue to show improvement in frame rates as memory speed. Less expensive in comparison to Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM). As an example, Windows 7 can sometimes use at least that much RAM when running Windows Update. Transfer rate. Flaming is flaming, so let's just cool down and discuss the issue civilly. If you haven't graduated to DDR5 yet, this could be the time to do. 48 $20. 7 out of 5 stars 3,588. Why We Picked It. It’s got excellent latency, fantastic cooling, and comes with a robust lifetime warranty. #5. And as this is a laptop I believe the question is moot anyway. SDRAM (synchronous DRAM) is a generic name for various kinds of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) that are synchronized with the clock speed that the microprocessor is optimized for. Because the upgrade version of DDR1, DDR2, DDR3 and DDR4 is DDR5. 99. Fremont, CA (March 6, 2006) – Corsair Memory®, the worldwide leader in design and manufacture of high performance memory, today launched the world’s fastest DDR2 and DDR1 memory solutions for. For DDR, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4, the number following. For example, SK Hynix revealed the technical specifications of a DDR5-6400 RAM board, which is the fastest allowed by the DDR5 standard. Will PC2 RAM work with PC3? No. Reason: Topic automatically closed 30 days after creation. In fact, this goes twice as fast as DDR2 memory, while maintaining the same clock rate inside of the memory chips. Some people might say the best RAM for gaming is as high as 16GB RAM, especially for demanding games. DDR3-1600 = PC3-12800. With 1333FSB Likely the ram will clock down to 800MHZ aka PC2 6400. RAM Speed. The best memory at DDR2-1066 can now operate at 4-4-3 timings, and the fastest DDR2 is now around DDR2-1266 and still getting faster. 0V region, while DDR4 generally has an operating voltage. It has a bus frequency of 1000 MHz and a bandwidth of 16000 MB/s. 0 VGA card slots for ATI CrossFireX™ support with ultra smooth 3D rendering. Daily Saver. Common memory standards for DDR2 were DDR2-400, DDR2-533, DDR2-667, DDR2-800 and. Now, switch to the Advanced tab and select Change under the Virtual memory section. Kingston's ValueRam KVR667D2SO/1GR is a 128 x 64-bit 1GB CL5 DDR2-667 SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) memory module. Free Shipping from United States. Best advice: Get a new PC, Laptop or cheaper Chromebook. With 32-bit and 64-bit options, Porteus is one of the best Linux distros for aging PC hardware. Free Shipping. Free shipping. 5 GB per second. $ 119. Double pumping is a generic feature that has been used in various parallel data transfer interfaces. 8V CL7 240-Pin Desktop Computer RAM Memory Upgrade Module. g. 2 GB/s 2666 21. 36V, the DDR3 RAM runs fine at 1. 333 GHz (DDR3-1333) with a CL6 latency (8. Bodhi Linux is a lightweight Linux distribution based on Ubuntu features Moksha — a custom-built window manager. Search Newegg. Most computers today don't even have floppy drives. 144-PIN SODIMM G. . While it consumes less power. DDR DIMM DDR3 DIMM DDR4 DIMM DDR2 DIMM 200-pin SO-DIMM 144-pin SO-DIMM UniDIMM. The DDR3 specification has been extended to define additional memory speeds of 1866 MT/s and 2166 MT/s. Cache memory is a small amount of fast SRAM that buffers access between the CPU and main memory. Explore a variety of computer memory including DDR3 and DDR4. Corsair's Vengeance LPX series offers a compact solution for high-performance RAM. Dell P301d Vostro 220 220S Slim Desktop Pc Motherboard. Komputerbay 4GB 2X 2GB DDR2 800MHz PC2-6300 PC2-6400 DDR2 800 (240 PIN) DIMM Desktop Memory. That’s still way lower than DDR4 modules, but it’s not as swift as the Vengeance. HP V2 8GB Single DDR4 RAM 3000MHz (PC4-24000) 288-Pin Computer Memory UDIMM Memoria Stick for Desktop PC - 18X13AA#ABC. $1199. Porteus can even be loaded into RAM and run purely from the system memory. 2v. CL16 is the recommended choice for 13600K-5600X/5800X3D builds. $ 119. Corsair specified CL5-5-5-15 timings at this maximum clock speed, and requires a 2. Skill. DDR2 can be as low as 4-4-4-XX, fast DDR3 would be 7-7-7-21. power compared to DDR2 memory. Those who have low RAM and old generation CPU, this OS for you. The virtual memory window will appear. 99. You have some tuning possibilities depending on what kind of die your RAM is using. It means that the DDR2 and DDR3 RAM can process 4. The DELL Optiplex 760 LGA775 is equipped with DDR2 RAM, ensuring smooth and efficient operation. Re: Fastest DDR2 ram? Home desktop, not for severs. Essentially, if you have a computer with a DDR3, it will process files twice as fast as a DDR2 equipped machine. A. Installing newer memory modules along with older ones can also cause memory to run slower than expected. Welcome to Overclockers Forums! Join us to reply in threads, receive reduced ads, and to customize your site experience!DDR2 memory generally has much lower latency than DDR3. But where DDR4-xxxx details the per-bit data rate, PC4-xxxxx details your RAM's overall data rate in MB/s. Add to cart. Damn Small Linux. Figure 2. Higher performance at low power (longer battery life in laptops): DDR3 memory promises a power consumption reduction of 30% compared to current commercial DDR2. It uses lower standard voltage (1. Samsung 2RX4 PC3L 12800R 16GB ECC Server RAM. ৳ 299. Perhaps even more remarkable, in the last year DDR2 memory. Seriously it is pretty much the fastest RAM in a reasonable price range. Your computer can do more things simultaneously the more RAM you have. DDR3 is a dynamic random-access memory released in 2007 to succeed DDR2. 4V. Note that this is the peak transfer rate. DDR2 DIMM E. And, of course, it wipes the floor with DDR4-3200. Here was the fastest DDR2 memory ever tested at AnandTech, and it also scaled easily to the new DDR2-800 speed to be supported by AM2 and Conroe, on to the DDR2-1067 future speed, and beyond to. There are also various RAM types in a computer, such as DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 and the latest DDR5, with reduced power consumption and increased bandwidth. History of DDR speeds up to DDR5. 1 shows the on die termination (ODT) for DDR2/DDR3 8GB Kit (2GBX4) DDR2 800 Udimm RAM, Kuesuny PC2-6400/PC2-6400U 1. There are different types of RAM available which can be found on memory modules of the same size. Memory Standard: DDR2-667/PC2-5300 DDR2-533/PC2-4200; Number of Memory Slots: 2; PCI Express x16: 1; CPU Type: Pentium 4 / Celeron;Flash memory is used primarily for storage, while RAM (random access memory) contains code and performs calculations on the data retrieved from storage. $ 144. Speed, measured in MHz, is another consideration, as is latency, but most importantly memory. If you haven't graduated to DDR5 yet, this could be the time to do. Latency: 12. Sponsored.